Amy Bernhardt Essays - Book Of Leviticus, Hebrew Calendar

Amy Bernhardt Dr. Karin Hooks Response Paper 1 February The Extreme Burden and Requirements for Childbirth Upon reading from The New Oxford Annotated Bible so far it has been a very brutal beginning. One book in particular has stuck in my mind making me wonder sometime why even create a woman? Leviticus, it sets a no nonsense feel about how the Levites are truly in debt to God for their liberation from Pharos tight grip. The development of the Ten Commandments , worship rituals, holiday s , animal sacrifices , and how to carefully prepare the offerings from animal s to tithing. This book is jam packed with insanely strict rules sent from God . The Commandments are seemingly impossible to live by, particularly for the women at this time. With God' s wrath and death for anything considered a sin looming over your head, I would think it would be terrifying especially if you have broken one of these rules. "The LORD spoke to Moses, saying: Speak to the people of Israel, saying: If a woman conceives and bears a male child, she shall be c eremoniously unclean seven days; as at the time of her menstruation, she shall be unclean. On the eighth day the flesh of the foreskin shall be circumcised. Her time of blood purification shall be thirty-three days; she shall not touch any holy thing, or come into the sanctuary, until the days of her purification are completed. If she bears a female child, she shall be unclean two weeks, as in her menstruation; her time of blood purification shall be sixty-six days (Leviticus 12: 1-5 OAB )." Child bearing would have not been easy at this time. A woman, after giving birth may as well just stay in a room by herself until she is dubbed clean again. If you could not touch anything that is holy, how could you prepare Sabbath dinner, be around your husband or anyone who was considered holy at the time. It is almost as if child bearing was sh ameful or even a sin. How could this be if you were married under God's watchful eye and he blesses the people to procreate? On top of not being able to touch anything, if you have a girl the purification time is doubled! It is really difficult to process in my mind that the Levite women had to carry this shameful burden when it is the natural process of life. After the time of her purification a woman must go and offer a sacrifice to become clean once again. Again, another hitch in the road for women in what is a so called natural process. "When the days of her purification are completed, whether for a son or daughter, she shall bring to the priest at the entrance of the tent of meeting a lamb in its first year for a burnt offering, and a pigeon or a turtledove for a sin offering. He shall offer it before the LORD and make atonement on her behalf; then she shall be clean from her flow of blood. This is a law for her who bears a child, male or female (Leviticus 12: 6-7)." Not only are we calling childbirth a sin, but now we must sacrifice two innocent animals to make things right with Him. God seems not care for the women in this time period due to all these even more harsh, strict laws she must follow. Reading the Old Testament is rough. From the killing to the elevated standards the Levites and others who follow LORD God had difficult tasks to uphold in His name. Looking at the passages and understanding God liberated His people there are at God's mercy and must hold their end of the bargain for their freedom. To be honest, to me being a slave working from sun up to sun down for some self-righteous pharaoh who could care less about the people who built his empire would be worse than following God's law. Freedom is everything. Work Cited Coogan , Michael D. Editor. Full Revised Fourth Edition: The New Oxford Annotated Bible New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha. Ed. 4 th ed . New

Amy Archer-Gilligan and Her Murder Factory

Amy Archer-Gilligan and Her Murder Factory Amy Archer-Gilligan (1901-1928) called Sister Amy by her patients, was known for her nurturing tonics and nutritional meals at her private nursing home in Windsor, Connecticut. That was until it was discovered that she had added arsenic to her recipe, resulting in the deaths of many of her patients and five husbands, all of whom had named her in their wills right before their untimely deaths. By the time the investigation was over, authorities believed that Amy Archer-Gilligan was responsible for more than 48 deaths. Sister Amys Nursing Home for the Elderly: In 1901, Amy and James Archer opened Sister Amys Nursing Home for the Elderly in Newington, Connecticut. Despite not having any real qualifications for taking care of the elderly, the couples nurturing and caring ways impressed their wealthy patrons.   The Archers had a simple business plan. Patrons would pay a thousand dollars upfront in exchange for a room in the home and Sister Amys personal care for the rest of their lives.  The home was such a success that in 1907 the couple opened Archer Home for the Elderly and Infirm, a new and more modern facility in Windsor, Connecticut. James Archer After the move, things began to take a turn for the worse. Healthy patients began to die without any recognizable cause other than possible old age. James Archer also died suddenly and the heart-broken Amy lifted her chin, dried her tears and headed to claim the insurance money on a life policy she had purchased on her husband in the weeks before his death. Michael Gilligan After James death, patients at the Archer Home began dying at an almost predictable rate, but the coroner, a close friend of the deceased James and his wife Amy, determined the deaths were due to natural causes of old age. Amy, in the meantime, met and married Michael Gilligan, a rich widower, who offered to help bankroll the Archer Home. Not long after the two wed, Gilligan also died suddenly from what coroner described as natural causes. However, before his death he did manage to have a will drawn, leaving all of his wealth to his precious wife, Amy. Suspicious Activity Relatives of the patients who died at the home began to suspect foul play after each discovered their loving parents, adored brothers, and cherished sisters, had forked over large sums of money to Sister Amy, right before their untimely deaths. Authorities were alerted and seeing the pattern of over 40 patients giving money, then dying, they raided the home and found bottles of arsenic tucked away in Amys pantry. The Dead Talk: Amy said she used the poison to kill rodents, but unconvinced, the police exhumed the bodies of several of the patients and discovered large amounts of arsenic in their systems, including that of her last husband, Michael Gilligan. Natural Causes: In 1916, Amy Archer-Gilligan, who was her mid-40s, was arrested and based on the decision by the states attorney, she was charged with a single murder. She was found guilty and sentenced to hang, but due to a legal technicality, her sentence was reversed. In the second trial, Gilligan pleaded guilty to second-degree murder, only this time instead of facing the noose of rope, she was given a life sentence.   For years she was incarcerated at the state prison  until she was moved to a state mental institution in 1928, where, totally insane, she died of natural causes. Was Amy Archer-GilliganReallyInnocent? Some people believe that the evidence against Army was circumstantial and that she was innocent, and that the arsenic she had on hand was really for killing the rats.  As for the arsenic found in the bodies that were exhumed, it could have been due to the fact that from the Civil War until the early 1900s, arsenic was often used during the embalming process.

Sustainable Stakeholder Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sustainable Stakeholder Capitalism - Essay Example This is because employing macro level practical reforms will create a systematic integrity in the financial institutions across the globe. This is essential because it will contribute to responsible risk management for the SSC in the present and future. One of the factors that contributed to unethical economic environment of the Great Global Recession is unregulated capitalism. Unregulated capitalism in the field of economics is one of the risk factors contributing to economic crisis. Petrick argue that the irrational market actors whose aim is to fulfill their self-interest and their unethical behaviors employed in accumulating wealth can be one of the challenges to the economy of a state. This is because it creates economic imbalances in a country and this contributes to other associated problem such as poor resource distribution in an economy. The capitalism nature and ineffective managerial education contributed to the global recession; thus non-market and market stakeholders were unable to prevent capitalism. Secondly, poor market-based regulatory solutions in the global economy contributed to economic crisis. The ineffective fiscal and monetary policies failed to reignite residential investments; thus contributed to financial crisis. The government employs poor fiscal policy in regulation of business activities. Moreover, the unregulated marketing principles contributed to poor price determination in many entities. The managers employed poor managerial theories and practices that affected the marketing activities. For instance, the Wall Street banking and other financial banks employed speculative risks that affected the investors. Lastly, overuse of resources due to need of increasing wealth, and this contributed to resource depletion. The resource overuse resulted due to managerial competences whereby many actors wanted to expand and

Built environment organisation and Process Essay

Built environment organisation and Process - Essay Example This dissertation is an attempt in the context of a construction project and takes into consideration the individual capabilities of an architect and a Quantity surveyor in order to determine the most suitable among the two for adopting the role of a lead consultant for a project. The next two sections will outline the work areas and individual areas of specialization of these professionals and the subsequent section will provide a requisite analysis of the two professions with a view to determining the most suitable among them. The prime tasks of an architect are to implement the plan and design of a construction project. Additionally, monitoring the progress and the various stages of construction happen to be the other important tasks. The work environment and methods of an architect are aimed at understanding the needs of the resident at all levels and to the slightest detail. This is due to the fact that designing the elevation and the interior details as well as estimating the dimensions of every entity within the construction project are the sole responsibilities of the architect. The importance of an architect within the purview of a construction project arises from the single fact that he/she must possess the ability to be able to visualize all requirements and needs of the customers in absolute totality as there is virtually no room for any adjustments or modifications once the basic framework is in place. Moreover, an successful architect is always known to leave no stone unturned in ensuring that none of the requirements are left open in an unclear or ambiguous way. As such, an architect sits at the top of the construction hierarchy when it comes to the extent of contact with the customer. There are many cases where the architect is also supposed to be well informed with the legal construction norms of the land (need to elaborate on this) as any kind of plan or design is likely to be influenced either directly or indirectly as a result of which it is extremely necessary to grasp all the norms and constraints beforehand. An able architect always knows the right technology to use for the purpose of construction and as such is entrusted with the responsibility of suggesting the best available methods for construction both to the customer as well as the developer. The usefulness and importance of these suggestions has direct implications on the cost, effort and schedule that goes into the project. Thus, in a way, an architect functions as an interface between the client and the developer. CAPABILITIES OF THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR In any construction project, the management of the finances involved is a major task. This requirement grows both in magnitude, complexity and importance especially when the construction project is huge, spans a long period of time and involves the exchange of money between several hands. As such, keeping track of all the transactions and making the requisite decisions becomes an individual and concentrated task that needs to be handled by a trained qualified and experienced professional. Therefore, in the

Social intelligence class the name of the bock social intelligence the Essay

Social intelligence class the name of the bock social intelligence the new science of success for Karl Albrecht - Essay Example thus grouping people accordingly as well as understanding how the groups and societies map the environment in terms of ecological, social and personal thereby, establish a structure to aid in group decision making as well as revealing the views of participants. c) Performance prediction. Basing on the social intelligence test concept, people with low social intelligence are more suited to low customer contact roles because they may not necessarily posses the social competencies required for the success of frontline office duties. On the other hand, those with high social intelligence are considerately skilled socially and thus can communicate or contract directly with other people. d) Creating interaction strategies. By understanding social intelligence, it helps on to understand the dynamics of dealing with others for exampling assessing the impact of one person’s behavior on other people thus strengthening the ability to get along with others. One becomes socially successful by learning how to deal with others and interact with new behaviors. e) Helps leaders to enhance their leadership competencies. Some of the competencies that can be learnt in improving leadership include self confidence, the drive to improve performance, staying calm under pressure and having a generally positive outlook. In dealing with a family member with a toxic personality so as to affect the impact of their negative personality on your own personality, the following approaches can be undertaken.You need to acknowledge that their pain, upset and unhappiness is their own and not yours. This will help you not to believe in what they do or say.second is getting positive about yourself. When things are not better it is good to remain positive. This will make those around feel better and as well can influence the negative personality to feel positive. In addition, be firm and declare your stand about not being well with negativity. For example one can make use of comments such as

Assessing Of The Internally Displaced Persons Sociology Essay

Assessing Of The Internally Displaced Persons Sociology Essay Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are those who are forcibly uprooted within the boundaries of their own countries as a result of violent conflicts; tend to be among the most desperate populations (Egeland, 2004; OCHA, 1999). According to Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2010, the number of internally displaced persons uprooted from their homes by armed conflicts, generalized violence and human rights abuses across the world stood at 27.1 million people by 2009. The most affected region with 11.6 million internally displaced persons was Africa, where Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Somalia along with Iraq and Colombia stood among those countries which comprised over half of the worlds internally displaced persons. South and Southeast Asia was the region with largest relative increase in number of IDPs in 2009 where some 4.3 million people were estimated to be internally displaced mainly as a result of existing conflicts that escalated and majority of them were trapped in situations of protracted displacement. These figures are 23 per cent year-on-year increase from 3.5 million to 4.3 million. These estimations merely reflect the severity of the issue that in fact is much bigger in its extent. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) therefore pose an enormous challenge to the international community, national governments and humanitarian organizations as internal displacement has a devastating impact on not only the IDPs own families but also on the entire society (IDMC/NRC, 2009; Holmes, 2008; Women Refugee Commission, 1998). Displaced women and children constitute an overwhelming majority of the refugee population (Ni Aolain, 2009; Ganguly-Scrase Vogl, 2008; UN-ESCWA, 2006; UNHCR, 2008; Kaapanda Fenn, 2006), yet there is little recognition that forced displacement is a gendered phenomenon (Behera, 2006). Majority of these women flee within their State territories and thus do not receive the similar protection and assistance that is provided to the refugees who cross international borders (Al Gasseer et al., 2004). Displacement has a differential impact on both women and men, which can differ at various stages of crisis (El Jack, 2003). These differences prevail on account of women being at the subordinate position, socio-cultural norms, unequal power relations and womens role as the primary caretaker of the household and family (Ni Aolain, 2009). IDP women take care of their families and uphold cultural norms, even when they are abandoned by their husbands and thus excluded from the traditional protection, left homeless and without any valuable assets or economically productive work, and without any family or community support (Ganguly-Scrase Vogl, 2008). Internally displaced persons are not a homogeneous category of people (IDMC/NRC, 2009; Kaapanda Fenn, 2006). They have specific needs, vulnerabilities, and coping strategies based, among other things, on their age, sex, ethnicity and membership of a social group (IDMC, 2009). Even displacement does not affect all women the same way, for example women belonging to ethnic minorities in Sudan were marginalized due to their minority status, which constituted an overwhelming number of casualties among them due to war and its consequences (El Jack, 2002). Displacement affects women in multi-faceted ways, it results in serious security risks, losing close family members, psychological atrocities, sexual violence, deterioration of social safety net and reduction in the already limited economic opportunities (Women and Forced Migration, 2006; El Jack, 2002). In the course of displacement, the experience of leaving their homes and villages, loss of social capital and living in an unfamiliar and stressful environment, surrounded by complete strangers, causes extreme hardships to women (Women and Forced Migration, 2006). Displacement also results in food scarcity due to removal from sources of income and livelihood. Furthermore, inequalities in aid distribution place women and girls more susceptible to malnutrition (UN-ESCWA, 2006). The reduced access to resources and limited opportunities for employment makes it extremely difficult for women to cope with household responsibilities (El-Bushra, 2003; El Jack, 2002). It is also evident that w omen often take the back seat in terms of relief and rehabilitation. In the first instance, national policies on relief and resettlement do not acknowledge the specific needs and vulnerabilities of women (Women and Forced Migration, 2006). In the second instance, humanitarian organizations often disenfranchise women by relegating them to the status of victim: this is further reinforced by giving them little say in decision making with regard to aid distribution and rehabilitation (Banerjee in Ganguly-Scrase Vogl, 2008). Women also lack access to essential reproductive health services due to rigid socio-cultural norms, restrictions on their mobility, lack of health care infrastructure and insecurity (Women and Forced Migration, 2006). 1.2 Conflict Induced Internal Displacement in Balochistan Balochistan comprises almost 44 per cent of Pakistans geographical territory with 770 km long coastline alone with the Arabian Sea (Andley, 2006; ADB, 2005) and straddles Iran and Afghanistan (Grare, 2006). The enormity of its size, contrasts strikingly with its sparse population of 7.1 million people, constituting only 5.1 per cent of the total (ADB, 2004). Balochistan holds substantial portion of Pakistans energy and mineral resources; accounting for 36 per cent of its total gas production. It is also resourced with huge reserves of copper, gold, platinum, silver, aluminum, uranium, coal and is a potential transit zone for a pipeline transporting natural gas from Iran and Turkmenistan to India. Balochistan coast provides Pakistan with an exclusive economic zone potentially rich in oil, gas, and minerals spread over approximately 180,000 square kilometers giving Balochistan considerable strategic importance (Grare, 2006). Despite being the richest province in terms of energy and mineral resources, Balochistan remains underdeveloped and economically destitute among other provinces (AITPN, 2007). The incidence of poverty is pronounced in the province, characterized by inadequacy of income, low quality of life, denial of opportunities and choices. Among others, lack of access to basic services such as health, education, safe drinking water , sanitation and poor quality of roads and transportation also account for some of the critical issues. Similarly, literacy rates especially for rural women are very low. Additionally, widespread leakages in the governance system, lack of accountability of public institutions, inability of governments to deliver social and economic goods further marginalized the destitute sections of life (ADB, 2004).    Since the partition of India in 1947, Balochistan has been the centre of ethno-nationalist struggle resulting in violent revolts between separatists and the federal government due to its forcible annexation with the current Pakistan (IDMC/NRC, 2009; Zambelis, 2009). Baloch militants have staged several insurgencies against the State for greater political control over their administrative affairs and larger dividend from local development projects and the exploitation of natural resources (IDMC/NRC, 2009). These resentments persist even today because of the central governments suppression of nationalistic aspirations; the absence of economic and social development in Balochistan and the exclusion of the provincial authorities and local population from decisions on major regional projects (Grare, 2006). On the other hand, the federal government views the violence in Balochistan as the work of miscreants led by few militant tribal leaders who do not represent the Baloch majority and who se efforts are aimed at maintaining their hold over tribes and tribal system from where they garner support, power and wealth and undermining the development efforts led by the government (Dunne, 2006). Balochistan enmeshed in a rash of violence in continuum with the decades-old conflict that has flared up once again over the issue of the rape of a medical doctor associated with Pakistan Petroleum Limited apparently by an army officer in Sui tehsil of the Dera Bugti district in January 2005 (AITPN, 2007). The rape of a doctor in a secure hospital precinct provoked riots in Balochistan and a large scale tribal uprising. However, the Balochistan crisis intensified after Pakistani government launched full-scale military operation against the Baloch nationalists in the region following the firing of eight rockets at a paramilitary base on the outskirts of the town of Kohlu, during the visit of then President General Pervez Musharraf  (IDMC/NRC, 2009; AITPN, 2007). The current wave of violence is an offshoot of the decades of suppression of the Baloch people by the federal government (Dunne, 2006). Though the dispute in Balochistan is essentially political, the Pakistani military and t he Baloch tribal militants have always sought a military solution for their disagreements (Human Rights Watch, 2008). Hundreds of thousands of people fled to safer places as a result of military operation and aerial bombardment in Marri and Bugti tribal areas (AHRC, 2006). Over 200,000 people about 90 per cent of population of Dera Bugti and Kohlu districts (majority with women and children) were forcibly driven out of their homes following the outbreak of hostilities between the warring tribesmen and the law-enforcement agencies in the early summer of 2005 (IDMC, 2009). According to International Crisis Group (ICG), at least 84,000 people have been displaced by the conflict in Dera Bugti and Kohlu districts since December 2005 when military operations began. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) has estimated that in all, 100,000 people were displaced in the Dera Bugti and Kohlu districts and among those nearly 40,000 have returned to their homes in 2009, while more than 40,000 are still displaced. According to government of Balochistan there were 1200 households who were displaced from Tehsil Dera Bugti, 800 from Tehsil Sui and 1300 from Tehsil Phalawagh. It makes total of 3300 households who were displaced from Dera Bugti district alone. However, these estimations vary and it is unclear how many Marri and Bugti have actually been displaced after the conflict has escalated in their areas. Despite adverse state of affairs, there is no single officially recognized IDP camp in the entire province of Balochistan. The displaced population is scattered on the outskirts of either Naseerabad, Jaffarabad, Sibi, Bolan and Quetta districts of Balochistan or displaced to the Sindh and Punjab provinces (IDMC/NRC, 2009; AHRC, 2006). They have been living in deplorable conditions in temporary settlements and are deprived of adequate shelter, safe drinking water, sanitation, food, schooling, health care and other basic necessities (AITPN, 2009). The governments response to IDPs in Balochistan has remained halfhearted. Moreover, the absence of national policy or institutional arrangements to cater the needs of internally displaced persons in conflicted zones of Balochistan is the main obstacle in recovery and rehabilitation of the IDPs. International and national humanitarian agencies including UN have denied access by government to grapple with the IDP crisis in Balochistan due to se curity reasons (IDMC/NRC, 2009). In a speech to the parliament in December 2009, although the Prime Minister Syed Yusuf Raza Gilani acknowledged the difficult situation of displaced persons and announced $12 million for their return and rehabilitation as part of the Balochistan Support Package. However the package was rejected by the Baloch nationalists arguing that it is too little and too late. Indeed, no practical steps have been taken further to reconcile aggrieved groups and bring them in the mainstream political landscape (IDMC, 2010). 1.3 Problem Statement Conflict displacement exposes families and communities to intense suffering and traumatic experiences of enormous loss of life, loss of social fabric, gross impoverishment through the loss of livestock and land, erosion of cultural values, beliefs and practices, sexual violence and psycho-social distress (El-Bushra, 2003). On the other hand, it has a long term social impact whereby the prolonged suffering and appalling conditions force women to take steps and responsibilities in the public domain that traditionally did not form part of their role (Rivero, 2006). Simultaneously, it comes with an opportunity to renegotiate gendered power structures, patriarchal norms and notions of masculinity and femininity (El-Bushra, 2003; Moser Clark, 2001). Ni Aolain (2009) suggests that conflict may have hidden opportunity to empower women and trigger the structural and social transformations in face with the new set of social, economic and political realities of the post conflict arena. Women and men experience the uprooting, displacement and reconstruction of life in entirely different manners (Moser Clark, 2001). Although women are disproportionately disadvantaged and the initial impact of displacement is more severe for women than men; women tend to adapt more quickly to their new environment and search for new spaces through informal support mechanisms in order to meet their family needs. Men because of inaccessibility to economic resources, limited opportunities for employment and their huge dependence on formal institutional support networks, adapt the new situation at much slower pace (Moser Clark, 2001, El-Bushra, 2003). It often results in working women; bearing the main financial burden of providing for the family and dependent men taking up the responsibility for children and domestic chores. Conflict undoubtedly provides greater responsibilities to women and with that the possibility to exert greater leverage in the decision-making processes (El-Bushra , 2003). While Rivero (2006) argues that the public role of women places great pressure on women because it is socially unacceptable and women run the risk of being stigmatized and marginalized by their families and communities. Womens taking up greater financial responsibilities, entering occupations which were previously the preserve of men and involving in the decision making process at the household and community level may no bring long-term changes in gender ideologies rather reinforce gender value systems (El-Bushra, 2003). Research studies carried out by El-Bushra (2003) highlight that gender role reversal during conflict and displacement may not combine with an ideological shift, women status outside the household may remain subordinate in relation to men. As men have lost access to resources, assets and with that their conventional role of breadwinner or provider; men may feel more difficulty to adjust with the new roles and mens inability to meet gendered expectations may result into frustration, humiliation and sense of failure. Patriarchal norms which establish ideological basis are at the heart of the issue. This research is significantly relevant to explore whether conflict displacement has changed accepted notions of masculinity and femininity among internally displaced persons of the Bugti tribe of the Balochistan province? Whether changes in gender roles brought about by displacement provide opportunities for changes in ideological basis? If yes than how? if no than why? There is a knowledge gap in the current scholarship on gender dimension of displacement with regard to Bugti tribe of Balochistan. The current study attempts to fill this gap while raising following research questions: 1.4 Research Questions How this conflict forced people to move? What is the pattern of conflict induced internal displacement? What are the changes in survival strategies of both women and men after displacement? Whether changes in survival strategies account for changes in gender roles? If yes then how? 1.5 Objectives of the Study 1.5.1 General Objective The core objective of this research study is to explore the impact of conflict induced internal displacement on survival strategies and how changes in survival strategies account for changes in gender roles among displaced persons of the Bugti tribe in district Jaffarabad of the Balochistan province. 1.5.2 Specific Objectives In order to attain the general objective of this research study, several specific objectives have been developed. The specific objectives include: To analyze the migration pattern of conflict displacement; To study the changes in survival strategies of both women and men after displacement; To examine how changes in survival strategies account for changes in gender roles. 1.6 Rationale of the Study Women and children with their numerical dominance constitute 80 per cent of the worlds refugee population; their overwhelming dominance alone justifies a critical interrogation (Kaapanda Fenn, 2006). Despite that, where the term gender appears, its usage often implies that women and girls are predominantly victims, while men are depicted as perpetrators. The term should not be used in such a limited fashion; it should allow researchers to see women and men as actors who function in a variety of roles and examine how shifts into non-traditional roles affect power balances in the course of displacement (UNDP, 2002). Though, there is growing scholarship on the plight of the displaced; more attention needs to be paid to womens experiences. The recognition that forced displacement is a gendered phenomenon is fairly a recent understanding. Womens experiences as internally displaced persons are lesser known, particularly in the context of South Asia. There are only few scholars who have dealt at length on this problem and investigated the impact of conflict displacement on gender roles in the context of South-Asia and there is hardly any monograph available that has focused on this issue particularly in the context of Pakistan. The subject explicitly deserves in-depth investigation, which this research study would try to stimulate and attempt to traverse this gap in the literature. 1.7 Scope of the study This research study aims to describe the experiences of women and men in course of conflict displacement. It seeks to identify the possible link between changes in survival strategies and gender roles, given that the nature of the subject under investigation is highly sensitive, deeply personal and politically risky. The significance of this study is also highlighted by the fact that it incorporates gender analysis in social and cultural setting and employs gender as an analytical tool in order to comprehend the wider social relations. Gender as a unit of analysis would help to view the lives of women and men within the context of displacement. It illustrates that how women experience displacement (Kaapanda Fenn, 2006). 1.8 Limitations of the study The study was carried out only in one district, due to time, human resource, and financial constraints. The findings may be non-representative and only illustrative of the target segments of the study areas visited and therefore cannot be generalized for the entire district or province. It was often problematic to identify internally displaced persons because there were no officially recognized IDP camps in the study area, while the displaced persons were scattered into makeshift camps. When this study was conducted, it was harvesting season in most parts of the district and IDPs were mobile due to their engagement in agricultural labor. Their access was difficult due to their continuous mobility, sensitive nature of the issue, tribal system, socio-cultural norms, governments security restrictions and emerging hostilities towards alien others stemming from changes in the political climate in recent years. On the other hand, socially depressed IDPs were reluctant to talk to outsiders due to apprehension of the torture either from tribal head or governments security agencies. Furthermore, there were many surveys carried out but nothing has been changed in their life realities; gaining their trust was critical in such a situation. It was also challenging to have direct access to women and collect information from them due to rigid socio-cultural norms and customs. In order to tackle this problem the researcher got the help of his younger sister to have access to women. 1.9 Roadmap This research study is organized into six chapters. Chapter one presents an introduction to this study. Chapter two provides a synthesis of the relevant literature. Chapter three describes research design and methods. Chapter four sketches the historic roots of crisis in Balochistan. Chapter five unfolds results of this study and presents a debate over the findings. Chapter six summarizes the whole discussion and concludes with recommendations for further research.

Creating a Robot to Make Toast with Lego Mindstorm :: Robotics

Toast-O-Bot Abstract: A robot that uses a toaster to make toast, butters it with spray butter and makes a CD player play the song "Yeah Toast" would be both useful and entertaining. Using the Lego Mindstorms and MAC NQC to program them such a robot could be possible. Using the suggested design and programs for the Roboarm in the Definitive Guide to Lego Mindstorms as a starting point I built the robot and modified it for the toaster. During testing of the motors, it was discovered that Toast-O-Bot is not strong enough to press the button on the toaster. Even after toaster modification it was still unable to press the button. The Toast-O-Bot only moves the bread from location to location, so a user is required to press the button on the toaster. Background/Purpose: People with disabilities use many devices today to ease their lives and help with every day tasks. This may include simplified processes, service animals or small machines or robots that perform small tasks for any user; young, old, disabled, or able bodied. There are devices to change TV channels, open doors, turn lights on and off, and now a robot to make toast for them. Ever since the discovery of toast man has looked for a way to make toasting easier, beginning with the primitive toaster, and progressing to the modern pop toaster. The primitive toaster was made of iron and placed in hot coals. In 1909, G.E. introduced and patented the electric toaster. The pop toaster, introduced in 1919, has been modified by many people to develop the modern pop toaster. Toaster ovens, though not as common, are also used to make toast. The hope is to further ease the work that goes into the making of toast by creating a robot that can use a toaster to make toast. The robot will have a claw arm to pick up the bread and place it in the toaster. It will also have an arm to press the button on the toaster and on the spray butter. There will be a touch sensor at the bottom of the button track and when it equals zero the robot will remove the toast to butter it. After buttering the toast, it will then place it on a plate for the user to enjoy. It may also press play on something to play the 'Yeah Toast' song from the Bob and Tom Show. Materials: à ½ LEGO pieces need for the Roboarm from page 313 in the Definitive Guide to Lego Mindstorms à ½ Various decorative things à ½ A way to raise the base to the height of the toaster

Development in infancy and toddlerhood

The development of infants and toddlers is the focus of Chapters 5 to 7. In these chapters, the various developmental changes that occur during the first two years of life are highlighted.Chapter 5 discusses the various physical changes that occur during the first two years of life. It stresses that it is during these years that a human being goes through the most rapid developmental changes. Infants and toddlers grow by leaps and bounds as compared to development at the latter stages of the life cycle. Furthermore, the chapter notes that physical development of infants and toddlers vary and are influenced by various factors. Heredity, ethnic background, gender, and social environment are some of the factors that greatly influence infant and toddler development. The chapter stresses that physical development during infanthood and toddlerhood are the most critical because delays or problems that occur during these stages may cause the human being to encounter physical disabilities lat er on in life.In chapter 6, the focus shifts to cognitive development. Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory is highlighted in this chapter. The focus was on the first stage of Piaget’s theory called the sensorimotor stage since this stage refers to the first two years of life. During this stage, infants and toddlers rely on their senses to develop an understanding of the world around them. What infants and toddlers see, smell, hear, touch, and taste are what they think. In line with cognitive development, the chapter likewise discusses how infants and toddler process information. Furthermore, Chapter 6 looks at the development of language during the first two years.   The three theories of language development are discussed with focus on how infants and toddlers develop their first words and the patterns they use to produce sounds. The various factors that influence cognitive development in infants and toddlers are likewise discussed in this chapter.In Chapter 7, the emotional and social development of infants and toddlers is discussed. Erikson’s theory of infant and toddler personality is used as the basis of the chapter’s discussion. The chapter looks at how infants and toddlers develop their basic emotions and how they respond to the emotions that other people show. The development of temperament and attachment during the first two years are likewise discussed for infants and toddlers are known to be attached to figures that they commonly see. Parents, most especially the mothers, are the figures that infants and toddlers normally form attachments to.

Victimization of Women in Society with Regard to Anita Nair, S Ladiescoupe Essays

Victimization of Women in Society with Regard to Anita Nair, S Ladiescoupe Essays Victimization of Women in Society with Regard to Anita Nair, S Ladiescoupe Essay Victimization of Women in Society with Regard to Anita Nair, S Ladiescoupe Essay etc. , shrink from grandeur to petty profit-taking. (48) The question ‘Who conquered whom’ melts into insignificance: â€Å"history is written by victors, but in the case of India, it’s not always clear who won, is it? 90) It is that both the victor (West) and the vanquished (East) mutually enriched the sensibility of the two cultures. It is a strange divine coincidence that John Mist’s creation of the â€Å"Mist-Nama† and â€Å"Mishtigunj† is along a line which the ancient tradition of India endorses. The discovery of such a wonderful treasure is made possible by the research work of an Indian immigrant in America, Tara. Both John Mist and Tara are in a way immigrants. The philosophical axiom is that cultures are not fixed entities like â€Å"quantity. Naturally ‘being’ and’ becoming’ are not static. The mutations have repercussions. Though the word Ã¢â‚¬Ë œbeing’ created a misleading picture of fixity and permanence, it has the character of fabric. The British conquest of India forms the context of the new in which these issues are raised indirectly. The history of Mishtigunj created by British Hindu John Mist puts obstacles in the way of glibly accepting the two categories ‘being’ and ‘becoming’. What determines history is not its concern with outward form but the ‘inner implications’ is which it unconsciously creates. It is this history which has created a martyr, John Mist. Tara Lata Gangooly represents the best of the East and her predecessor John Mist represents both the best of the East and the best of the West. Characters like Virgil Treadwell are more concerned with the British form and decorum than with the essence of life. Both John Mist and Tara Lata Gangooly live at a deeper level while men like Virgil Treadwell move on a superficial plane. There are many places where Virgil Treadwell is compared to Churchill and Nixon and he is satirized subtly. Both John Mist and Tara Lata died a martyr’s death. The former was hanged in 1880 on a charge of disobedience of the British Colonial venture and the latter died in a prison in 1943 on the same charges of treason, sedition and disobedience. These events and situations by themselves are utterly insignificant. But the effect and impact they leave have a lasting value. It is this fact which enable the readers arrives at a philosophical link between being and becoming both is that the reality of life permits a movement between being and becoming. Liking John Mist, Tara Lata, Virgil and their life styles lead the leader draw an intelligent interference events and circumstances keeps them in a state of transition and transformation. It is a great achievement on the part of the novelist to aim at an imaginative-historical reconstruction of Mishtigunj. Bharathi Mukherjee is not a thoughless immigrant. Her loyalty to the essence of life gives her a new responsibility to rephrase the issue of the contact and correlation between being and becoming.

How To Make Personal Branding Work For You

How To Make Personal Branding Work For You In Houman Harouni’s recent article critiquing the format of TED talks, he brushes lightly on the idea of self-commoditization, and how that was once a distasteful thing. That ought to make some readers squirm; personal branding has become the default setting, it seems, for online existence. Maybe it doesn’t make you squirm. But it makes me squirm. I’ve never been completely comfortable with the idea of a person being their own brand, even if folks like actor Kevin Hart have completely embraced it. Leaked Sony emails prompted a response from Hart in a post on his Instagram account. â€Å"I look at myself as a brand.† How you see yourself, and therefore, the content you create, will dictate how you will handle your online existence. It will determine whether you’ll have multiple social accounts and how you will approach your blog content. Is Personal Branding The Right Path For You? via @JulieNeidlingerWhat Is Personal Branding? The first chapter of Jon Ronson’s excellent book So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed tells the story of his confrontation with three men who had created, in the name of academic study, a fake Jon Ronson Twitter account. The fake account tweeted out random things that appeared mildly nonsensical, and suggested Ronson was a foodie. Ronson finally confronted the men, asking them to take the account down. During this discussion, the issue of personal branding came up. Ronson expressed his annoyance at the situation, claiming that they were stealing his identity even in the face of admitting that no, he wasn’t the only Jon Ronson out there. One of the men, Dan, responded that they were annoyed by Ronson. â€Å"We think there’s already a layer of artifice and it’s your online personality- the brand Jon Ronson- you’re trying to protect. Yeah?† The argument continued as Ronson tried to explain that was not the case. Dan pointed out that Ronson was one of the â€Å"few† people using their real name on Twitter. â€Å"Who does that?† he asked. â€Å"And that’s why I’m suspicious of your motives, Jon. That’s why I say I think you’re using it as brand management.† While the entire discussion is an entertaining read (and yes, the fake account was pulled down with the help of the Internet shaming these men into doing so), Ronson was clearly displeased with the idea that he was mostly upset about the fake account because it could hurt his personal brand. Wikipedia has some interesting language when talking about what personal branding is: Personal branding is the practice of people marketing themselves and their careers as brands. While previous self-help management techniques were about self-improvement, the personal-branding concept suggests instead that success comes from self-packaging. It’s all about how you package yourself up. It’s as much about what you put in as what you leave out (which Ronson also talks about in chapter 11’s discussion on skewing Google search results to bury anything bad about you). In order for personal branding to work, you have to know who it is you want to present yourself to, and how you ought to appear. You can’t package yourself up if you don’t know what kind of package your desired audience prefers. You have to know what your â€Å"brand assets† are, and what â€Å"brand liabilities† might be floating around. You have to know how to control what is associated with you. For personal branding to work, know who you'll chat with, and how you'll appear.This, probably, is what put Ronson off. The idea of wrenching yourself this way and that to fit what people want of you instead of being who you are. Unfortunately, even if you don’t like the idea, your online trail is, by default, creating a personal brand. The things you say, post, create, and participate in are all being gathered into an easily found collection, compliments of the search engine. In some way, Ronson was correct: by messing with a person’s online brand (whether he wanted to call it that or not), you can participate in a kind of identity theft. Your personal brand is your online identity, and it is becoming a bigger and bigger part of your entire identity, including offline, every day. Personal Branding: What’s Your Type? Personal branding isn’t everyone’s cup of tea. No personal brand is ever purely honest in the sense that you live your entire life unvarnished for the world to see. Personal branding is very much â€Å"photoshopped† into fitting the niche we want to belong to and the identity that attracts the largest audience we are aiming for. Some of us are more comfortable with that than others. That’s where types come in. Type 1: Comfortable with personal branding. If you’re a Type 1, you’re a completely open book. You’re open for business 24/7, and anything you do online falls into place with a carefully constructed brand made up of you. You firmly believe that by putting everything out there, and being as real and personal as you can be, people will latch on and become die-hard fans. It’s likely you are right. However, even the most aggressive personal brand supporter understands that you have some elements of personality or interest that don’t fit the brand. You make business and content decisions according to what you feel fit the picture you are painting of yourself. I'm a type 1 personal brand. Check this out to find your personal branding strengths!Structure: The light table. Everything you do online must fit the brand you want to create. That means you must have a kind of â€Å"light table† in which you hold up everything against to see if it matches the brand you’ve outlined. Every comment you make, every piece of content you share, everything you write- it must align with your personal brand. You don’t get to be controversial and share or create contentious content, unless your brand is one of being controversial. Summation: How you want others to see and understand you is at the forefront of every business and content decision you make. Action: Always open, always on. If you’re serious about your personal brand, you’ll protect it at any cost. Its demise will affect your personal life and your very identity, since they are so closely connected. While you are always open and available for discussion, conversation, and engagement, you are also always on. If you’re an introvert, this is going to be tough. All that interaction with other people will drain you. If, however, you love people, this doesn’t seem so bad. Summation: Any person who connects with your personal brand, no matter the time or setting, gets your full attention. Type 2: Not comfortable with personal branding, but wanting to participate in content marketing. If you’re at all a bit like me, you’re not wholly comfortable thinking of yourself as a brand. Other marketers who are won’t understand your reluctance, but I get it. You want to tap into the power of content marketing because you have a product or service to sell online, but you don’t want to feel as if you are selling your soul. The key to making this work is to allow yourself to have a â€Å"multi-faceted† identity without feeling guilty about it. Enthusiastic Type 1’s will never preach a message you understand; they are always going to trumpet authenticity and always being connected to your fans. You must be able to take the things that they can teach you and still maintain an unbranded identity that you protect. Structure: Compartments. You’ll want to compartmentalize, including how you spend your day (e.g. definitive work times and personal time) and the kind of access you allow people online (e.g. personal contact only with people you are personally connected to). For example, I have a rule of no work or work-related conversation after 6 pm. I walk away from the computer, shut my office door, and go do other things. When I’m with family or friends, conversations with followers online cease no matter what time of day. No phone, no computer. This keeps that online brand from bleeding into the life I’m living with the people around me. You might have a blog that you use to create content in your niche, but a personal, unpublicized blog that you use to share vacation photos or rants on. Summation: Branded content stays in one section, personal content stays in another. Action: Defend the inner circle. You’ll want to create a clear separation between your â€Å"real† self and your â€Å"branded† self in how you behave online. This isn’t about being a hypocrite, or an excuse for horrid anonymous behavior. Instead, you’ve merely identified some boundaries and determined under what settings and which people can cross them. I'm a type 2  personal brand. Find your personal branding strengths in this post.It’s similar to compartmentalizing, but a more aggressive and protective approach the the very core of what you think you must protect in order to not feel like you sold out. This means you’ll probably have multiple social accounts, one with your branded name or personality and another that you use for people you connect with outside of the business realm. There are a few ways you can do this: Multiple social accounts. Restrictive privacy settings. Restrictions on over-sharing personal life. I have social accounts with my name, which readers of my content know, but I have other accounts with nicknames that I use with family and friends. The latter is where I spend most of my time and share the links that might not have anything to do with the brand image, instead thinking â€Å"hey, dad would think this is interesting† and using that as a motivation. On Facebook, I only add people I know personally as Friends, and limit conversation and access to many posts to an even smaller list of close friends. I do allow people to follow if they want. I firmly believe that the people I follow and the conversations I listen to can affect me, and not always in good ways. So I set the boundary to be one of people I know care about me as a person and aren’t arguing just because they want to. Summation: Aggressively protect your private life, even from well-meaning and eager fans. Type 3: Not comfortable with personal branding, and unable to participate in traditional content marketing. There are days when I tip toward Type 3, and I can fully see myself, someday, ending up in this category. For those of you who fit this description, that’s OK. You can still enjoy the creative benefits of blogging and creating online. Structure: Invisible cloak. Start by getting off of any social media account you don’t need. And by need, I would say you use it purely to connect to the actual people in your life who you care about. Your entire thinking will have to be, essentially, backwards to how online life is now seen. You can still enjoy many of the apps and sites, but you aren’t going to have an eye for creating images, sharing photos, or writing content that attempts to create a persona. You are unabashedly you, unplanned, unpromoted, unapologetic, unassuming. Summation: You don’t care if people see you, nor how they see you. You take no planned action to control either. Action: Close the gates. If you have any kind of online presence, even an unbranded one, the invading horde will always be clamoring at the gate. It’s the nature of the Internet. Take some practical steps to cut off the entrance. Turn off blog comments. Reduce social media accounts to bare minimum, if any. Use a nickname in forums and discussions, connected to a non-revealing email account. Don’t share your content on social media, or publicize it in any way. Avoid apps and other tools that have a social profile component built in (e.g. Disqus, WordPress’s Gravatar, etc.) In other words, break all the content marketing rules you’ve ever heard, and do it without guilt or expecting the same results you’d get if you followed them. You can do that if you want to. It’s OK. Create content for the joy you get in creating it, whether anyone sees what you create or not. It is more than OK to be indifferent to what people think of you, or if they think of you at all. You might be pretty lonely, and you probably won’t sell unless you have something so amazing that this severe level of exclusivity drives people mad to throw money at you, but you will, at least, avoid the sense of branding yourself. Summation: Avoid or deflect any involvement which seems draining or excessive, taking measures to reduce any opportunity for it to happen. I'm a type 3 personal brand. Read this post to find your personal branding strengths.What Does Your Personal Brand Look Like? Your personal brand can, of course, evolve. As I’ve gotten older, I’ve been less inclined to live so publicly online as I was ten or more years ago. I’ve also noticed that when people start out online with the goal to make a living there, they start as a Type 1. As their audience grows and their reputation and renown grow with it, the need for affirmation lessens and they slide toward Type 2. Then, when you become Elvis, you can be Type 3.

Change Stages and Strategies in Popular Culture Essay

Change Stages and Strategies in Popular Culture - Essay Example In the case of the jilted lover, he/she must give up his/her identity as one half of a romantic relationship, and must resume his/her identity as an individual. Sheryl Crow's song "My Favorite Mistake" presents the case of a woman who knows that her relationship with her lover is at an ending point. She tells her lover, "I woke up and called this morning. The tone of your voice was a warning that you don't care for me anymore" (Crow). She goes on to say how all of this man's friends know about his "secret lover," and they pity her for holding on the way she is (Crow). She even admits that she knows she is wrong for staying in a relationship with a man who doesn't love her. She calls him her "favorite mistake," but she concludes that she will continue to stay with him because "maybe nothin' lasts forever, even when you stay together. I don't need forever after. It's your laughter won't let me go, so I'm holding on this way" (Crow). The woman in this song is stubbornly holding on to a relationship that she knows is bad for her, and possibly even bad for her lover; however, she is not willing to accept the end of their relationship. She knows that she should let go, and she should go on with her life and let her lover go on with his so that he won't have to try to pretend he adores her, but she is hesitant to make that first step.

Nietzsche - Geneology of Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nietzsche - Geneology of Morality - Essay Example In this way, Nietzsche claims that rather trying to persuade, argue with, or grapple to explain the fallacy of certain ways of thinking, it is necessary for the philosopher to look at such notions with disdain, resentment, disgust, and superiority. It is through such a response mechanism that Nietzsche believes that it is possible for the superiority of ideas to triumph over another by means of the contempt that they are shown. Accordingly, this essay will attempt to focus upon the idea of â€Å"ressentiment† as presented by Nietzsche and quantify it with regards to whether it is a beneficial and/or useful practice that should be engaged with or whether it is fundamentally harmful to the free flow of information and expression and disagreement that has been indicative of the intellectual community since time immemorial (Clark 21). As such, key aspects and competing realities of Nietzsche’s point of view will be considered, weighed, and analyzed. In effect, this ressenti ment is a form of intellectual disdain and disgust for those aspects of different types of worldviews that the individual does not respect. Nietzsche further described that the reason that many individuals place themselves in subjugation to the morality and laws of his era was the fact that they felt more comfortable in a master and slave-type relationship (in which they were invariably playing the part of the mental slaves). As a means to jar these individuals from their complacency and acquaint them with the folly of such a worldview, Nietzsche advocates levying a degree of contempt on such belief systems as a means of encouraging those that hold these to re-access them and come to a more complete understanding of the inherent inadequacies and lack of logic presented within them. With respect to the extent to which this particular author agrees or disagrees with the concept of â€Å"ressentiment† as described by Nietzsche, the answer to this cannot be simply stated. Firstly , there are a multitude of instances in which world views, ideas regarding morality, and other such philosophical constructions cannot and should not be considered due to the sheer preposterous nature of their claims. However, the clear and overriding elements of intellectual hubris also come together to raise key questions in the mind of one who reviews such a tactic and response. By not only refusing to engage but showing contempt for a given belief system or worldview, the philosopher is unable to transmit the necessary knowledge which could be key in convincing the practitioner to abandon an otherwise untenable stance. Such an approach, although advocated by Nietzsche has little if any effect in bringing about a greater understanding as such, for purposes of intellectual and academic advancement, stifles the expression of thought and the transmission of ideas. Accordingly, it is the belief of this author that such an approach is more or less fruitless due to the fact that neithe r participants is able to differentiate or expand upon the argument due to the fact that employing ressentiment will necessarily close down the participant’s ability and/or desire to reason together with the opposition. This understanding of intellectual supremacy helps the individual to understand further nuances of the way in which Nietzsche engages the reader with his understanding of the master and slave paradox. Whereas no one wants to consider themselves the intellectual slave of another, Nietzsche effectively argues that those who