The Iconic Egg-and-Dart Motif

Egg-and-dart is a repetitive design that today is most often found on molding (e.g., crown molding) or trim. The pattern is characterized by a repetition of oval shapes, like an egg split lengthwise, with various non-curved patterns, like darts, repeated between the egg pattern. In three-dimensional sculpting of wood or stone, the pattern is in bas-relief, but the pattern can also be found in two-dimensional painting and stencil. The curved and non-curved pattern has been pleasing to the eye for centuries. It is often found in ancient Greek and Roman architecture and, so, is considered a Classical design element. Definition of Egg-and-Dart Egg-and-dart molding is a decorative molding in classical cornices that resembles alternating egg-shaped ovals with downward-pointing darts. — John Milnes Baker, AIA Egg and Dart Today Because its origins are from ancient Greece and Rome, the egg-and-dart motif is most often found in Neoclassical architecture, both public and residential, on interiors and exteriors. The Classical design provides a regal and stately feel to a room or facade. Examples of Egg-and-Dart The above photos illustrate the common ornamentation use of egg-and-dart design. The top photo is a detail of an Ionic column of the Great Court at the British Museum in London, England. This columns capital shows the volutes or scrolls typical of Ionic columns. Although the scrolls are a defining characteristic of the Ionic Classical Order, the egg-and-dart between them are added details—architectural ornamentation more ornate than found on many earlier Greek structures. The bottom photo is a piece of cornice from the Roman Forum in Italy. The egg-and-dart design, which would run horizontally along the top of the ancient structure, is underscored by another design called bead and reel. Look carefully at the Ionic column in the picture above, and youll notice the same bead-and-reel design beneath that egg-and-dart. In the egg-and-dart design on the ancient Parthenon in Athens, Greece combines both of these uses—between volutes and continuous design line on the entablature. Other Roman-inspired examples include the Temple of Saturnus at the Roman Forum in Italy and the Temple of Baal in Palmyra, Syria. What is Ovolo? Ovolo molding is another name for quarter round molding. It comes from the Latin word for egg, ovum, and is sometimes used to describe crown molding decorated with an egg-and-dart motif. Ensure that you understand the meaning of ovolo as used by your architect or contractor because todays ovolo molding does not necessarily mean its decoration is egg-and-dart. So, what is ovolo? A convex molding less than a semi-circle in profile; usually a quarter of a circle or approximately a quarter-ellipse in profile.—Dictionary of Architecture and Construction Other Names for Egg and Dart (with and without hyphens) egg and anchoregg and arrowegg and tongueechinus What Is Echinus and Astragal? This design looks very similar to egg-and-dart with a bead and reel below. The word echinus, however, is architecturally part of a Doric column and the word astragal describes a bead design more simple than bead and reel. Today, echinus and astragal is used by historians and students of Classical architecture—rarely by homeowners. Sources Baker, John Milnes, and W.W. Norton, American House Styles: a Concise Guide. 1994, p. 170.Harris, Cyril M. Dictionary of Architecture Construction. McGraw-Hill, 2006. pp. 176, 177, 344.

Scrooges Change in A Christmas Carol Essay - 1691 Words

Scrooges Change in A Christmas Carol Dickens combines a description of hardships faced by the poor with a heart-rending sentimental celebration of the Christmas season. The novel contains dramatic and comic element as well as a deep felt moral theme. In the beginning of the novel Ebenezer Scrooge is portrayed as a hardhearted and unsociable man. However at the end of the novel we see dramatic changes in him as a trio of ghostly visitations causes a complete change in him. Scrooges transformed from an unpleasant and penny-pinching character to a charitable kind man. The following essay focuses and examines the life of Ebenezer Scrooge, delving into his past, present and supposed future. In†¦show more content†¦Scrooge angrily replies that there are prisons and workhouses and they leave empty-handed. Scrooge is greedy and sees no reason in donating money to the poor. He thinks of them as idle and he states that if they would rather die than to go to the workhouse they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. Scrooge confronts Bob Crachit and complains about Bobs wish to take Christmas day off. What good is Christmas, Scrooge snipes, that it should shut down businesses? he reluctantly agrees to give Bob a day off, providing he arrives earlier to work the next day. Later that evening Scrooge returns home through dismal, fog-blanketed London streets. Just before entering his house, the doorknocker catches his attention. He sees a ghostly image that gives him a momentary shock; it is the peering face of Jacob Marley his dead partner. When Scrooge takes a closer look the image disappears. With a disgusted Pooh-Pooh, Scrooge opens the door and enters his hose. He makes no attempt to brighten his home, darkness is cheap, and scrooge liked it. Whilst he is in his room he hears the deafening sound of bell chimes and footsteps. A ghostly figure floats through the closed door of Jacob Marley, transparent and bound in chains. Scrooge shouts in disbelief, refusing to admit that he sees Marleys Ghost. The ghostShow MoreRelatedScrooges Change in Attitude in A Christmas Carol Essay1970 Words   |  8 PagesConsider Dickens’s portrayal of Scrooge’s change in attitude in a Christmas Carol What message do you feel Dickens Conveys to the reader. The essay will discuss the moral messages, which can be interpreted in the novel. It will examine the main character Scrooge, and his attitude towards life, his mean, grumpy and selfish character and his lack of Christian charity. It will explain the transformation of Scrooge and why the transformation occurred. Scrooges mean attitude was demonstratedRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Charles Dickol And A Christmas Carol1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe book A Christmas Carol is a well known book. It is a book written by Charles Dickens. This 1843 book, shows a remarkable journey of Scrooge, a cold hearted banker getting haunted by his old deceased business partner and other ghosts to make him a better person. In 1969 Animated A Christmas Carol was made. The two have many similarities and differences. There are many similarities/differences between A Christmas Carol and a 1969 Animated Film A Christmas Carol from Charles Dickens, which are MarleyRead MoreEssay on The Personality of Scrooge1338 Words   |  6 PagesEbenezer Scrooge is the major character in the story, A Christmas Carol written by Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol is about how a â€Å"cold-hearted, tight fisted, selfish† money grabbing man is offered an opportunity of a life time, to change his behaviour, atti tude... to have a second chance in life. The theme of this novella is to look at the good you do in life and how it carries over after your death. The moral of the book is; People can make changes in their lives whenever they really want to, evenRead MoreThe Personality of Scrooge Essay example1341 Words   |  6 PagesEbenezer Scrooge is the major character in the story, A Christmas Carol written by Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol is about how a â€Å"cold-hearted, tight fisted, selfish† money grabbing man is offered an opportunity of a life time, to change his behaviour, attitude... to have a second chance in life. The theme of this novella is to look at the good you do in life and how it carries over after your death. The moral of the book is; People can make changes in their lives whenever they really want to, evenRead MoreScrooges Transformation in Dickens A Christmas Carol Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesEbenezer Scrooge is the major character in the story, A Christmas Carol written by Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol is about how a â€Å"cold-hearted, tight fisted, selfish† money grabbing man is offered an opportunity of a life time, to change his behaviour, attitude... to have a second chance in life. The theme of this novel is to look at the good you do in life and how it carries over after your death. The moral of the book is; People can make changes in their lives whenever they really want to, evenRead MoreA Christmas Carol Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesA Christmas Carol was written by Charles Dickens in 1843. Life for the lower class during this time was extremely hard because of enormous amounts of illnesses, young children worked and no education. A Christmas Carol was set in mid 19th century, during this time people had a really bad time; most of the people was unemployed and the people who were employed were paid deficiently, others were seasonal or casual, which meant they were when work was available so most of the families lived in povertyRead MoreCharles Dickens A Christmas Carol Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesDickens’ A Christmas Carol. In this literary classic, Dickens tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, a â€Å"tight fisted...covetous old sinner† (12). Through a series of hauntings by various Christmas ghosts, Scrooge realizes the error of his ways and changes completely into a warm-hearted, generous man. Scrooge’s tale is a familiar one; countless movies have been filmed, plays have been produced, and references made in other stories and television shows. Each rendition of A Christmas Carol providesRead MoreThe Amazing Transformation of Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol669 Words   |  3 Pageshappens in A Christmas Carol after Ebenezer Scrooge is taken on a remarkable journey through time. Although A Christmas Carol was written in the 17th century, its messages and themes stay alive today. Scrooge started changing his personality and life-style throughout the novella. In A Christmas Carol Scrooge changed from being a money-pinching grouch to a kind-hearted man, he redeemed himself through freewill and life changing memories. After Marley visited Scrooge, The Ghost of Christmas Past soaredRead More‘Scrooges decision to change his way of life is purely selfish’ Do you agree?1217 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬ËœScrooges decision to change his way of life is purely selfish’ Do you agree? Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol is a moral tale that depicts the protagonist’s Ebenezer Scrooge’s moral journey from selfishness to redemption. It can be seen that his new found way of life is derived from the desire to be a good man of the community and to assist others such as Tiny Tim. The idea of Scrooge’s transformation not being selfish can also be seen in his aspiration to contribute to the wider communityRead MoreAn Objectivists View on a Charles Dickens ´Christmas Carol Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pages Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol is considered by many to be a classic for all the ages, if an objectivist point of view is used to analyse the social and political undertones of the story they will agree with most of it, if not all of it. One of the major parts that an objectivist would agree with in A Christmas Carol is how scrooge thinks of and how he treats the poor and infirm. Scrooge further develops his objectivist ideology by being co mpletely self-interested in both his personal and professional

Critical Security Theory And Factors Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Critical Security Theory And Factors. Answer: Introduction Critical security is identified as the new notion for the global politics. As per the various discussions related to the emerging economy it has been discerned that there is a significant global security threats especially in the post cold war and 9/11 period. The main notion has moved from limited traditional approach focusing on the impact and effects of security thereby forming a new framework which questions the intentions of the conventional methods. The development of the new theoretical approach has been able to focus on the relevant concept which has been seen to be associated to feminism, humanitarian, social, environmental security, state security and human security. The study aims to highlight the important aspects of the critical security study and the way it diverges from traditional approaches to the security. The main aspects of the study will be able to show the different aspects of the study which has been seen to be related to the relevance, argument, analysis and c riticism (Zhao, Yan and Zhang, 2017). Discussion: Relevance The main form of the critical security theory can be regarded as effective means of the analysis of the various typos of the factors which has been seen to be linked to the importance of the social processes at the same time comparing the traditional political processes. Some of the relevancy approach of the study has identified with article by Browning, C. S. and M. McDonald which states on the relevant aspect of The Future of Critical Security Studies: Ethics and the Politics of Security. Another relevant article has been discerned with the use of Lawson, Stephanie, International Relation and another article has been further seen to be discerned with the use of Peoples, Columba and Nick Vaughan-Williams, Critical Security Studies. The most relevant form of the discussions of the study has been seen to be identified in form of the assessment of the differences which has been seen to be discerned in from of traditional security and critical studies with the purpose of the study earne d in the contextual understanding (Alnatheer, 2015). The main form of the other relevant discussions of the study has been further discerned in the areas which have been seen to be related to earning contextual understanding and useful information. Some of the other relevant discussion of the study has been further seen to be based on stating the difference between the critical security studies and traditional security. The various types of the implemented methods of security aim at improving the scope and enhancing the understandings about that approach. The primary aspects of the study has been further related to the traditional security approach associated to global community,' failure identity politics to support a dismissal of the self-other dichotomy. The traditional security of the study has been further seen to discuss the various aspects of non-traditional security or specifically related to the critical security which has been further seen to be related to traditional secu rity associated to international realism often referred as political realism. The main concentration of the study will be further given on scope of the limitation and focus on addressing the failures and the need to develop critical security studies along with the consideration of future scope (Ct-Boucher, Infantino and Salter, 2014). Argument Security studies are often referred to International security studies and considered as traditionally academic sub field of the wider application of international relations. The various fields of the international relations have been further seen to be related to the rapidly developed relations during the Cold War (Alnatheer, 2015). The term critical security study has been referred as the main approach which is critical to the mainstream/ orthodox realist approaches. Some of the other individuals are seen to consider the various types of the approaches of the theories related to the critical security with the mainstream/orthodox realist approaches. Some of the various forms of the distinct approach have been identified with right committed to emancipator theory. The image of the critical security relates to the wider approach of the security studies followed by the various types of the failures which has are seen to be associated to the security in the postmodern world (de Larrinaga and Salter, 2014). The outset of the traditional era has been understood with starting with 2009 with the twentieth anniversary of the breaking down of the Berlin Wall. The various activities associated to energy security, pandemics, violation and deforestation has been related to the change stated to be affecting the individuals (Kaltofen, 2013). Over the last twenty years it has been seen that the various types of the considerations of the critical security features with the specific approaches considered from widening concept of security. In the period between late 1930s and 1970s the concept of realism has been discerned with the identification of the various types of the factors which are seen to be directly associated to the international relation discerned as realism and liberalism. Realism has been discerned as a more dominant approach of the study which has been seen to be discerned with long hegemonic status of realism and the clarification of the security has been further seen to be linked t o the conflict which has been seen to be associated to the various approaches of security studies which pave the way of facts pave the way to a conflict base approach of hegemonic status of realism (Watson, 2013). Analysis Based on the analysis of the various types of the study it has been studied that development of the new technology has been able to focus on formation of the broad range of the approaches of greater focus on humanitarian and social ideas based on security. The traditional approaches has been discerned to be outdated in various context require new and critical assessment of the security studies followed by the failure of security in the postmodern era. The different type of the development related to the failure of the traditional approaches which has led to implementation of the previously unknown concepts. The continued implementation and development of the critical security has been taken onto account with driving new direction and new strategies for future securities (B?LG?N, 2014). The important form of the limitation has been further seen to be discerned in form of addressing the question as per criticizing the forceful nature of the traditional approach of security. The securit y and the insecurity issues have been seen to be associated to address the insecurity issues have been discerned with enhancement in the discourse of this essay (Tomlinson, 2013). The complex nature of the critical security studies has been seen to be associated to vigorous concepts and themes which encompass IR aspects of the topic and the same has been included in past, present and future. The effective collaboration with the IR scholars for the establishment of the theoretical approaches for understanding critical security studies with social and political theories. The different types of the research conducted by the authors has been able to assess the influence of the critical security studies in the recent history with various form of the possible impacts associate to possible impacts in future (Henrie, 2013). Criticism The important criticism in the study has been related to the various types of the consideration which has been seen to be associated to addressing the key issues within the security. The various types of the conventional issues has been taken into consideration with home security vs. state security, war on terror and human intervention. The key concepts within the security aspect have been able to suffice the needs of the historic and theoretical perspective of critical securities in comparison to the traditional approaches for the understanding off the complex topics. The theoretical perspective of the risk has been further able to take into consideration the various types of the aspects of the study which has been stated with the connection of the current world events. The research conducted has been considered with defining critical security studies with social and political security. The different types of the research conducted by the authors have been further able to highlight on the importance of the social processes and the comparing the same with the political processes. The research conducted on the critical aspects has been able to expand on the existing issues with the critical security study. This particular report has been further seen to be useful for comparing the traditional concepts of the security and evaluation of the key theoretical perspective. The analysis of the critical practices has been able to bring light on the various types of the deeper issues such as evaluation of the key theoretical perspectives. The vague notion and research has been seen with the critical security studies in the realms of the modern day politics and the practices of contemporary security, war on terror and human security. Conclusion The linking of the main aspects of the study has been able to state on The most relevant form of the discussions of the study has been seen to be identified in form of the assessment of the differences which has been seen to be discerned in from of traditional security and critical studies with the purpose of the study earned in the contextual understanding. The main form of the other relevant discussions of the study has been further discerned in the areas which have been seen to be related to earning contextual understanding and useful information. The outset of the traditional era has been understood with starting with 2009 with the twentieth anniversary of the breaking down of the Berlin Wall. The various activities associated to energy security, pandemics, violation and deforestation has been related to the change stated to be affecting the individuals. Over the last twenty years it has been seen that the various types of the considerations of the critical security features with the specific approaches considered from widening concept of security.The outset of the traditional era has been understood with starting with 2009 with the twentieth anniversary of the breaking down of the Berlin Wall. The various activities associated to energy security, pandemics, violation and deforestation has been related to the change stated to be affecting the individuals. Over the last twenty years it has been seen that the various types of the considerations of the critical security features with the specific approaches considered from widening concept of security. References Alnatheer, M. A. (2015) Information Security Culture Critical Success Factors, in 2015 12th International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations, pp. 731735. doi: 10.1109/ITNG.2015.124. B?LG?N, P. (2014) Dialogue of Civilisations: A Critical Security Studies Perspective., Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, 19(1), pp. 919. Ct-Boucher, K., Infantino, F. and Salter, M. B. (2014) Border security as practice: An agenda for research, Security Dialogue, 45(3), pp. 195208. doi: 10.1177/0967010614533243. Henrie, M. (2013) Cyber security risk management in the scada critical infrastructure environment, EMJ -Engineering Management Journal, 25(2), pp. 3845. doi: 10.1080/10429247.2013.11431973. Kaltofen, C. (2013) Engaging Adorno: Critical security studies after emancipation, Security Dialogue, 44(1), pp. 3751. doi: 10.1177/0967010612470392. de Larrinaga, M. and Salter, M. B. (2014) Cold CASE: a manifesto for Canadian critical security studies, Critical Studies on Security, 2(1), pp. 119. doi: 10.1080/21624887.2013.864911. Tomlinson, I. (2013) Doubling food production to feed the 9 billion: A critical perspective on a key discourse of food security in the UK, Journal of Rural Studies, 29, pp. 8190. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.09.001. Watson, S. (2013) Critical Studies on Security Macrosecuritization and the securitization dilemma in the Canadian Arctic, Critical Studies on Security, 1(3), pp. 265279. doi: 10.1080/21624887.2013.809220. Zhao, X., Yan, H. and Zhang, J. (2017) A critical review of container security operations, Maritime Policy and Management, 44(2), pp. 170186. doi: 10.1080/03088839.2016.1253883.

Business Outsourcing and Functions †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Outsourcing and Functions. Answer: Introduction: The process of contracting out or delegating work to people or agencies outside the business premises is called outsourcing business function. It may evolve in carrying tasks, job, or any operation where external third parties are contracted for significant time period(Riley, 2010). The work outsourced can be performed in house or outside the firm. Outsourcing has gained much importance with changing nature of businesses (Dendler, n.d.). In last decades, many big and small organisations which are getting associated with globalisation, considers outsourcing function as a positive approach. Geographical limitations are dealt with ease by facilitating outsourcing business functions like manufacturing, customer support, in house support, advertisement, etc.(ITONews.eu, 2017) The role of strategic management has become important not only to look after business practice carried within organisations, but also manage work that can be outsourced to get efficient work with cost reductive ways. Since outsourcing itself is a complicated process, a company may face various challenges while implementing it into business(Pellicelli, 2012). In this literature review opportunities of outsourcing in business along with major challenges faced by it will be reviewed and analysed with the help of research made by authors and researchers along with identifying gaps between the studies. As shown in above figure, the reason to outsource work to external providers is various and thus becomes necessary to introduce it in business. Depending on the nature of business the outsourcing function may vary but the primary objective behind it lays the same i.e. cost reduction or gaining efficiency in work(Kremic, 2006). For example, in large manufacturing companies where great number of people is required like labours, designers, suppliers, contractors, etc. outsourcing provides great help as requirement of hiring full time staff is not necessary on outsourced areas. In manufacturing firms large number of parts are manufactured by outsourced companies which could otherwise have been expensive or difficult to manufacture by own. In customer service companies like call centres and BPOs, large firms outsource their customer related services in order to reduce costs of making separate department for them in house. Other human resource management tasks like employee training centre s, payroll, staff benefit management, etc are largely outsourced in order to get higher quality work from experts(Anon., 2011). Advertising plays a major role to make enhanced sale of product or services in business. Outsourcing has given industries a great backing here as large number of advertising companies and social media sites gets outsourced by businesses and carries the work in lesser time. Therefore in some or the other way business is largely depended on outsourcing function to expand their work area and bring in efficiency. Work quality is improved by hiring experts along with enabling business owners to give core efforts in major activities for development of the firm. Although outsourcing is becoming centre in todays business functions, the challenges to improvise them are also increasing. Thus it becomes necessary on management part to understand the key benefits and potential challenges behind outsourcing function in business(LLP, 2010). The opportunities relating outsourcing function is been developing and is considered to be highly potential in business(Kremic, 2006). The advantages of it can be clearly seen in running of organisations which is observed and described by different authors. The following figure depicts major opportunity that can be gained by business while implementing outsourcing function. Operation costs reduction: This is the most advantageous feature of outsourcing which helps organisations to eliminate expenses of full time staff for executing operational or manufacturing area. If manufacturing of parts that requires special machine or assistance of special technicians is outsourced, it can reduce the requirement of setting those expensive machines and hiring full time technicians(Crosby, 2017). Works related to internal management area like legal, planning, product designing, etc. requires expert advices. Outsourcing can provide scope for expert advice in cost effective manner as they may be efficient in their work while giving services to many companies simultaneously. Easier cost control: The role of management plays an important part to recognise cost curtail in organisational functions as if outsourcing is done in proper and planned manner, it can prove very effective in controlling overall costs of business. Like if a companys work is seasonal, the hiring of full time staff can increase the cost of project while outsourcing can minimise the costs, provided, the availability of staff is possible during peak season. In other areas like cleaning and sanitizing, transportation, currier service, advertising etc. are normally outsourced in large organisations in order to perform the task in effective and cost reductive way(Simeoni, 2011). Cooperation with specialist from narrow area: The requirement of advisors in legal and administrative part of firms can prove expensive as the specialists charge higher rates if engaged full time. Outsourcing these functions can provide engagement of experts in lower costs as they work together for many companies and take charges in distributed way. Big organisations prefer to hire full time staff for crucial jobs where important data is used whereas small companies find it easier to outsource these functions and get expert advices in nominal rates(McCray, 2012). Process optimization and rising efficiency: Outsourcing gives opportunities to the companies to get exposure to merchant specialized systems. By outsourcing work to them, efficiency is increased along with gaining quality products. It also enables time optimization by outsourcing time taking processes to outsiders(Simeoni, 2011). For example in restaurants and hospitals where large quantity of food and vegetables along with other supplies is required to be purchased on daily basis, outsourcing its marketing function to vendors and supply agencies can get their work done in quicker way and on time. Liberating capital for other purposes: While outsourcing work, capital of the firm is liberated and can be utilized for other important areas. For example, outsourcing Social Medias for advertisement or brand promotion will be easier for the company than to make provision for brand promotion by them and invest in campaigning and door to door advertising. Expenditure can be saved as Social Medias provide advertising function in cheaper and effective way. Thus saved expenditure can be utilised in other important areas like planning and executing(Pellicelli, 2012). Releasing internal capabilities: This function is also very important as many companies take advantage of outsourcing to release themselves from tedious jobs for other important works. In businesses large number of activities is carried and distributed among employees within the organisation and some are delegated to outside agencies. The owners keep themselves free for monitoring and executing confidential functions of organisations(Kremic, 2006). This function not only saves time and energy of delegators but also helps them in sharing risks with the outsourced agencies. While making contracts and terms, companys mentions the time and quality required and if the outsourced company fails to do that, they are entailed to bear losses if the products are not appreciated by the customers(Crosby, 2017). Although there are many benefits of outsourcing, there are many challenges also which are faced by the companies. No matter how much planned or budgeted management is, there are few challenges still met by them which have been identified by researchers(Wong, 2006). As shown in the figure below, the major challenges faced by companies are considered and discussed while giving suitable example. Loss of control: One of the biggest challenges faced by business while outsourcing some of its functions is losing significant control over the outsourced area. Since the external agencies become responsible for task completion, they might not let the delegators to interfere while the task is been performed(Arena Solutions, Inc., 2017). Thus before realizing the possession; the owners lose control in those areas. Like in product manufacturing company, the outsourced manufacturer may lose quality as they work for many companies altogether and cannot look at each company with consideration and while they restrict the delegators to interfere with their processes, it becomes challenging situation for the outsourcing companies. Coverage: In larger companies where many tasks are outsourced, it becomes difficult on management part to cover entire area monitoring in regular basis. Challenges relating outsourcing done in house are exempted from this factor, while others like manufacturers, advisors, advertising agencies, transport agencies, training experts, etc. are difficult to get covered under monitoring system of management. For example, in hotel business, where large number of activities takes place like cooking, cleaning, sanitising, marketing, etc. lots of people are engaged and many works are outsourced. Thus can become challenging for the management to look after all areas with concentration(Gammelgard, 2017). Employment Inefficiency: While work is outsourced, it may sometimes result in losing morale of employees and reduce their work quality. This is another challenge faced by organisations and to overcome it the management needs to consider outsourcing from employees view point(Sethi, 2011). For example if an important or growth oriented program is outsourced and employees are given only tedious and directive work, they might lose faith in their capabilities and thus reduces work performance and efficiency. Many stakeholders: Stakeholders are the ones who are directly or indirectly related to the firm commercially. When work is outsourced, more people and agencies get attached to the company and thus becomes an integrated part of the firm. To some extent company becomes liable to them as if their reputation is hampered; the affects might also be faced by the company. Thus outsourcing involves many stakeholders who bring in risks for delegators. This challenge is normally faced by big organisations where huge activities take place in speckled and global ways. While the organisations work is delegated in dispersed way and sometimes to other countries also, they become liable for many stakeholders(Whitebox Buisness Solutions, 2012). Dispersed locations: Most companies outsource work to agencies in dispersed areas and sometimes to other countries also (of-shoring). While the work is scattered it becomes challenging on the management part to deal with them at the time of difficulties(Whitebox Buisness Solutions, 2012). For example, agriculture functions for producing food crops are outsourced in food industries where the organisations are unable to do of their own. Since it requires large area and sometimes even outsourced to other countries favourable for producing required crops, the challenge of dispersed location is faced. Other challenge faced by organisations while dispersing its activity to other countries is challenge of culture and language diversification which makes difficult for organisations to tackle while trading product and service related issues. Budget inadequacy: Sometimes the outsourcing companies are unable to understand and figure out the difference in costs between self working and outsourcing. If made without proper planning, outsourcing can sometimes prove ineffective function with increased cost expenditure. The challenge faced here is to make proper planning for the outsourcing function so that budget is not disturbed. On the other hand where the business has got limited number of administrators, outsourcing becomes necessary and the budget for it can sometimes prove inadequate for them(McCray, 2012). Know how: This challenge has two meanings in literature. One reveals the challenge of getting knowledge about the quality of outsourced work while other reveals the knowledge about method used for doing the work. For example, firms relating manufacturing of medicine outsources manufacturing of some medicines which requires special machines and is difficult for them to purchase. While the manufacturing is outsourced, sometimes the product delivered by the agencies can be of inferior quality and made under unhygienic conditions. This can become dangerous and even lead to shutting down of outsourcing companies. Thus a very crucial challenge faced by organisations is getting informed about the procedure of outsourced work(Wong, 2006). Conclusion To understand the opportunities and challenges while outsourcing in business is very important as to outsource work in business has become extremely important in todays business world. In fast developing countries, globalisation in organisations has gained significance which could be facilitated by outsourcing(Anon., 2011). The key opportunities that lie in outsourcing like cost reducing way and work efficiency are the reason why most companies prefer outsourcing their business function(ITONews.eu, 2017). The gaps that are identified in this study are knowledge about proper method and technique with which successful outsourcing function can be obtained. Although researchers and authors have provided many important informations for the companys who have or are planning to implement outsourcing function in their business, still the effective procedure for outsourcing is required so that it becomes easier for managers to improvise it with ease. In this research paper the analysis betwee n opportunities and challenges of outsourcing business function have been made after making a brief study about outsourcing in order to attain utmost information(Simeoni, 2011). While outsourcing, opportunities like cost effectiveness is gained along with increased efficiency on the other hand the company tends to lose control over significant areas. Engagement of experts gives opportunities to firms in gaining expert advices while security risks relating important data are also possible. Time saving is probable if the work is done correctly or else could result in adverse affects. Although the managers are released for other significant growth related works, the quality of the outsourced work is sometimes hampered(Simeoni, 2011). Therefore after analysing, it can be rightfully said that gaining opportunity of outsourcing is possible only after getting profound knowledge and talent to manage its challenges. References Anon., 2011. Business Process Outsourcing. (BPO) Needs, Scope and benefits. [Online] Available at: https://freeinfotipsonline.wordpress.com/2011/07/06/business-process-outsourcing-bpo-needs-scope-and-benefits/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Arena Solutions, Inc., 2017. Manufacturing Outsourcing for Small and Mid-Size Companies: 10 Key Challenges How to Address Them. [Online] Available at: https://www.arenasolutions.com/resources/articles/manufacturing-outsourcing-challenges/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Compare Infobase Limited, 2017. Challenges Of Outsourcing. 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